Exploring the Ethnobotanical and Pharmacological Basis of Zornia Gibbosa in Urolithiasis Management

Background: Urolithiasis is associated with renal biochemical disturbances and oxidative stress. The present dataset evaluates the ethnobotanical and pharmacological relevance of Zornia gibbosa for urolithiasis management using phytochemical, antioxidant, toxicity, and in vivo antiurolithiatic endpoints. Methods: Powdered plant material was extracted by Soxhlation using ethanol. Qualitative phytochemical tests were conducted, total phenolic content (TPC) was estimated using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, total flavonoid content (TFC) using the AlCl3 colorimetric method, and antioxidant activity using the DPPH radical scavenging assay. Antiurolithiatic activity was assessed in an ethylene glycol/ammonium chloride-induced rat model using serum creatinine, calcium, urea, and phosphorus levels. Results: The ethanolic extraction yielded 19.06 g from 400 g plant material, corresponding to 4.76% yield. Qualitative screening indicated the presence of flavonoids, tannins/phenolics, carbohydrates, alkaloids, glycosides, and saponins, whereas proteins/amino acids, steroids, and triterpenoids were not detected. TPC and TFC were reported as 49.6 mg gallic acid equivalents/g and 28.2 mg rutin equivalents/g, respectively. The extract showed concentration-dependent DPPH radical scavenging activity with an IC50 of 37.12 µg/mL, compared with 20.80 µg/mL for ascorbic acid. In the in vivo model, the disease control group showed higher serum creatinine, calcium, urea, and phosphorus than normal control. Extract treatment produced dose-dependent reductions, with the 400 mg/kg dose approaching the values observed for Cystone. Conclusion: The supplied data support the antioxidant and antiurolithiatic potential of Zornia gibbosa. Confirmation requires complete raw replicate data, formal statistical testing, histopathology, urinary stone-forming parameters, and mechanistic validation.