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Abstract The design of a general circulation model using the primitive equations in spherical form is described, including a statement of the finite difference forms used to integrate the system and explanations of the motives for unusual aspects of the finite difference scheme. The model incorporates the hydrological cycle, topography, a simple scheme for the radiative exchanges and arrangements for the simulation of deep free convection (sub grid‐scale) and for the representation of exchanges of momentum, sensible and latent heat with the underlying surface. An experiment performed with the model forms the subject of a separate paper.
Corby et al. (1972) studied this question.