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Objective: ), including from bushfire smoke, is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. This systematic review assesses how CVD morbidity and mortality is affected by type, duration, and level of air pollution exposure. Data sources: or bushfire smoke on CVD were included. Studies without adjustment for confounding factors were excluded. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the risk of bias (ROB) in the studies, and meta-analysis was conducted on relevant outcomes. Findings: values ranging between 88.09 % and 94.25 %. Conclusion: Air pollution including bushfire smoke is associated with increased CVD morbidity and mortality. This effect ranges across different types, durations, and levels of air pollution exposure, making stringent climate change and air pollution mitigation strategies imperative.
Islam et al. (Sat,) studied this question.