Maternal gestational diabetes, lower socioeconomic status, smoking, and drinking were associated with a higher risk of ventricular septal defects in a case-control study of 1,659 VSD cases.
Case-Control (n=61,737)
Are maternal sociodemographic factors, lifestyle, and gestational diabetes associated with an increased risk of ventricular septal defects in offspring?
Maternal factors such as lower socioeconomic status, smoking, alcohol consumption, and gestational diabetes are associated with an increased risk of ventricular septal defects in offspring.
Abstract The objective of our project is to reveal the possible etiological factors of different congenital cardiovascular abnormalities. In this study, we evaluated single ventricular septal defect (VSD) after surgical correction or with lethal outcome. The birth outcomes of these cases in the function of maternal socio-demographic features were evaluated. Data are based on 1,659 VSD cases, 2,534 matched controls and 38,151 all controls without any defects, in addition in the mothers of 19,393 malformed controls with other isolated defects in the population-based large dataset of the Hungarian Case-Control Surveillance of Congenital Abnormalities. VSD had mild female excess with a higher rate of preterm birth and mainly low birth weight indicating intrauterine growth restriction of affected fetuses, particularly in males and full-term or average weighted cases. The mothers of cases with VSD had lower socioeconomic status and higher rate of smoking and particularly drinking habit. The evaluation of medically recorded pregnancy complications showed an association of gestational diabetes with a higher risk of VSD. In conclusion, the association of small localized size of VDS and obvious fetal growth restriction needs further explanation in these cases, while gestational diabetes, lower socioeconomic status and adverse lifestyle of pregnant women may have a role in the origin of VSD.
Vereczkey et al. (2012) conducted a case-control in Ventricular septal defect (VSD) (n=61,737). Maternal sociodemographic factors and lifestyle vs. Controls without defects or with other isolated defects was evaluated on Ventricular septal defect (VSD) occurrence. Maternal gestational diabetes, lower socioeconomic status, smoking, and drinking were associated with a higher risk of ventricular septal defects in a case-control study of 1,659 VSD cases.
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