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behavior through biomethanation, bioliquefaction, and biomineralization. This review summarizes the major microbial processes involved in GCS and evaluates their effects on carbon stabilization, resource reutilization, and storage risk. We compare microbial distribution and metabolic functions across representative geological reservoirs and synthesize laboratory, numerical, and field approaches into a multi-scale framework for studying microbially mediated GCS. We also discuss engineering regulation strategies, site selection, monitoring, and risk control, together with current technical challenges and future research priorities. Overall, this review provides an integrated perspective on microbial mechanisms and practical guidance for safer and more effective GCS deployment.
Huang et al. (Mon,) studied this question.
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