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Over the years we have been involved in practices of applying methods and insights of human- computer interaction (HCI) for client engagements. Specifically, we emphasize a human-centered approach employing ethnography and participatory design that we collectively refer to as human-centered design practices. Yet we have become increasingly aware of a gap between what we do in our practice and what HCI offers us by inherently delimiting outcomes to technological solutions.
Friedland et al. (Tue,) studied this question.