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Berle and Means show that modern organizations separate the rights inherent in property or other resources into benefit rights and usage rights. To increase benefits, natural persons in society give over usage rights, that is direct control over actions, to corporate bodies through investments or membership. In so doing, they have gained these benefits at the price of loss of power. This paper presents methods for calculating the extent of loss of power in society, and discusses some means that persons use to regain power.
James S. Coleman (1973) studied this question.