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Regression adjustments are often made to experimental data. Since randomization does not justify the models, bias is likely; nor are the usual variance calculations to be trusted. Here, we evaluate regression adjustments using Neyman’s nonparametric model. Previous results are generalized, and more intuitive proofs are given. A bias term is isolated, and conditions are given for unbiased estimation in finite samples.
David A. Freedman (Sat,) studied this question.
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