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In typical spin echo (SE) sequences vascular structures can range from low to high in signal intensity, depending on both velocity distribution and imaging parameters. Control of this contrast spectrum is needed to permit consistent blood vessel evaluation. In this paper, methods for high resolution vascular magnetic resonance imaging which are based on additional gradient pulses to enhance flow and minimize flow artifacts are examined. The gradient motion refocusing technique is applied to both SE and gradient echo sequences. Vascular structures are clearly delineated over long distances by using thick slices or three-dimensional acquisition techniques. Preliminary experience in volunteers and patients indicates that these methods improve visualization of blood vessels, correctly identifying vascular disease.
Laub et al. (Sun,) studied this question.