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Thin films of a composite of nafion and carbon microparticles have been deposited on nonconducting substrates and their conductivity as well as their ability to generate electrochemiluminescence investigated. The films exhibit very low conductivity (65% (by volume) carbon particles using Ru(bpy)32+ as the luminophore and tripropylamine as the coreactant, at an electric field of 14 V cm–1. Under these conditions, the complete film is sufficiently conducting to become polarized in the external electric field and the electrochemiluminescence intensity correlates strongly with the film conductivity. These results demonstrate the usefulness of particle arrays for the wireless generation of electrochemiluminescence at relatively low electric field strengths.
Douman et al. (2017) studied this question.