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We herein report a fluorescent bimodal probe (1) capable of determining ER viscosity and polarity changes using FLIM and fluorescence ratiometry, respectively; during ER stress caused by tunicamycin, the viscosity was increased from ca. 129.5 to 182.0 cP and the polarity of the ER (dielectric constant, ε) enhanced from 18.5 to 21.1.
Yang et al. (Wed,) studied this question.