Sthavara Visha refers to poisons derived from plant, mineral, and inorganic sources as described in Ayurvedic toxicology.1 Agadtantra, the branch of Ayurveda dealing with toxicology and poison management, provides detailed descriptions regarding classification, properties, symptomatology, progression, diagnosis, and treatment of poisoning.2 Ancient Ayurvedic scholars demonstrated advanced understanding of toxicological principles and emphasized early diagnosis and immediate therapeutic intervention for prevention of fatal complications. Sthavara Visha possesses properties such as Tikshna (sharp), Ashu (rapid action), Sukshma (subtle), and Vyavayi (quick spreading), enabling rapid systemic spread and Dosha vitiation. Clinical manifestations vary according to type, dose, route of exposure, and patient susceptibility 3. Modern toxicology recognizes poisoning due to plants, heavy metals, chemicals, pesticides, and environmental toxins as important public health concerns.4 The present review highlights Ayurvedic concepts of Sthavara Visha along with modern toxicological understanding and explores integrative approaches toward poisoning management and preventive healthcare.
Vijay Vasantrao Patil (2026) studied this question.