A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of peripheral stimulation on corticospinal excitability, as measured with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and motor-evoked potentials (MEPs). This protocol is often called: "Short-latency afferent inhibition" (SAI) or similar. This meta-analysis includes all effects, regardless of latency - short (e.g., 80ms) - and both inhibition and facilitation. Dataset covers 1991-2026, 353 papers, 743 groups, 11183 participants.
Holmes et al. (Thu,) studied this question.