The publisher of Journal of Economic Studies wishes to retract the article Dorsaf B (2025), “Breaking glass ceilings or boardroom gridlock? Gender, independence and the new rules of MENA banking resilience”. Journal of Economic Studies, Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-06-2025-0440. It has come to our attention that the following papers referenced throughout the text are fundamentally incorrect, hallucinated, or do not exist.The following references have also been identified as anomalous and inappropriate; the author was unable to provide sufficient justification for their presence in the article:The author cooperated with the investigation but failed to sufficiently address the identified concerns. As a result, the findings of the article cannot be relied upon. The Journal of Economic Studies author guidelines make it clear that authors must be accountable for the accuracy of their work. The decision to retract has been informed by COPE's guidelines on retractions and Emerald's publishing ethics. The author would like to note that they agree with the retraction and wishes to emphasize that these errors are the result of a technical problem. The publisher of the journal sincerely apologizes to the readers.
A 2026 study studied this question.