Consumption and Territory Based CO2 Emissions,Renewable Energy Consumption, Exportsand Imports Nexus in South America:Spatial Analyses

The present research investigates the environmental effects of trade, Renewable Energy Consumption (REC), and industry value-added in South America, doing spatial analyses from 1990-2018. The income per capita has a positive effect on the local CO 2 emissions. Further, it has negative environmental spillovers in neighboring countries regarding consumption-based CO2 emissions but not in terms of territory-based CO 2 emissions. Exports have negative and positive effects on consumption and territory-based CO 2 emissions, respectively. Moreover, exports carry positive environmental spillovers in neighboring countries in case of both consumption and territory-based CO 2 emissions. Imports have a positive effect on consumption-based CO 2 emissions but could not affect territory-based CO 2 emissions. Industry value-added has negative environmental spillovers in the case of consumptionbased CO 2 emissions. REC helps to reduce consumption and territory-based CO 2 emissions in both local and neighboring countries.