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In proton-proton collisions, the mean transverse momentum of Υ(nS) states increases rapidly at small charged particle multiplicities primarily due to away-region contributions, and Pythia simulations match CMS experimental data better for excited states than for the ground state. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.INCREMENTAL. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

March 20, 2026Universe0 citationsOpen Access

Multiplicity Dependence of Υ(nS) Mean Transverse Momentum in Proton–Proton Collisions

LML. G. Gallegos MaríñezUniversidad de Sonora LPLizardo Valencia PalomoUniversidad de Sonora LBL. BarreraUniversidad de Sonora

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Abstract

A correct description of quarkonia production and kinematics is still one of the most challenging assignments for Quantum Chromodynamics. This document presents a study of the Υ(1S), (2S) and (3S) mean transverse momentum (⟨pTΥ⟩) as a function of the charged particle multiplicity (NTrack) in proton–proton collisions at s = 7 TeV generated with Pythia 8.312 CUETP8M1 tune. The comparison to real data collected by the CMS experiment indicates that the agreement is much better for the excited states than for the ground state. The observed fast increase in the ⟨pTΥ⟩ at small values of NTrack is mainly due to the contribution from the away region. Furthermore, when computing the ⟨pTΥ⟩ from jetty and isotropic events, a clear pT hardening is observed in jetty events. Finally, analyzing the fragmentation of jets containing an Υ(nS), a new method is proposed to test the new quarkonia shower present in the Monte Carlo event generator.

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