The subject of the study is the distribution in modern sports mass media of neologisms "anti-football," "haramball," and "halalball" in relation to the status of the media – official traditional media (television channel, newspaper) or amateur portal organized by fans. The object of the study is the conceptualization of styles in modern football, formed through neologisms created according to a productive model. The authors examine various aspects of the topic in detail, such as the history of neologisms, the time of their emergence and distribution in media discourse, the more productive word formation potential of the antonymous pair of neologisms compared to the word "anti-football," which lacks a distinct antonym, as well as the visualization of neologisms by fans and supporters. Special attention is paid to the semantic potential of the antonymous pair "haram" – "halal," which is used to characterize two opposing styles of football, defensive and offensive respectively, having entered the lexicon of modern mass media since the end of 2025. The methodology of the study involves a comprehensive sampling of contexts for the use of neologisms on the websites of official sports mass media and amateur media channels, analyzing their distribution depending on the status of the media, as well as analyzing visualization and the timing of dissemination in the internet space. The main conclusions of the conducted research are the patterns of distribution of the studied neologisms depending on the orientation of the mass media towards the target audience and its status. A special contribution of the authors to the study of the topic is the provided statistics on the distribution of neologisms based on examples from seven major sports media outlets, including two newspapers, one television channel, two websites, and two amateur media channels. The novelty of the study lies in addressing the conceptualizing potential of the antonymous pair of phraseological units and identifying their status as a marker of media – official or unofficial, as well as attracting English- and Italian-language material as an addition to the history of neologisms in Russian media usage, and analyzing not only the lexical but also the visual content of football websites and media channels.
Beglaryan et al. (Fri,) studied this question.