Abstract Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HPD) remain a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Increasing evidence indicates that dysregulation of angiogenic factors contributes to the pathophysiology of maternal hypertension and pregnancy-related complications, particularly preeclampsia. This review synthesizes current evidence on the prognostic value of key angiogenic biomarkers, including placental growth factor (PlGF), soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in predicting maternal blood pressure changes and adverse pregnancy outcomes. A narrative literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Evidence suggests that an imbalance between pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors contributes to abnormal placentation and endothelial dysfunction. Reduced circulating PlGF and elevated sFlt-1 levels are consistently associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia. The sFlt-1/PlGF ratio has emerged as a clinically useful tool for risk stratification and short-term prediction of disease progression. However, challenges remain regarding the standardization of diagnostic thresholds and population variability. Integration of these biomarkers into routine antenatal care may improve diagnostic accuracy, early detection, guide clinical decision-making, and reduce adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Further large-scale prospective studies are required to establish clinical protocols.
Bartholomew Chukwuebuka Nwogueze (Mon,) studied this question.