The dynamics of landfalling tropical cyclones are not yet fully understood. In this study, ground-based observations were conducted using L-band radar, lidar and radiosonde during tropical cyclone Wutip. The L-band radar winds were corrected using lidar wind, and an objective analysis wind was derived from both the L-band radar and lidar data. Furthermore, we analyzed radiosonde profiles from a nearby station. The relative humidity was found to be higher in the lower boundary layer. Using the air temperature and humidity data, we computed the buoyancy frequency, and the Richardson number, which indicates shear instability in air turbulence. Within the altitude range of 15 km, the lower boundary layer exhibited a relatively low Richardson number. The integrated multi-source observations captured vertical profiles of wind, air temperature and relative humidity, and further revealed vertical wind shear, atmospheric stratification and associated shear instability throughout the passage of tropical cyclone Wutip.
Li et al. (Mon,) studied this question.