INTRODUCTION: The systemic administration of cytokines is constrained by their pleiotropic activity, dose-dependent toxicities, and short serum half-life, limiting their therapeutic window in cancer treatment. To overcome these challenges, strategies that restrict cytokine signaling to defined immune cell subsets within the tumor microenvironment have been developed to enhance efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. Among these, antibody - cytokine fusion proteins represent a rational design platform that enables selective and localized cytokine delivery to specific immune populations. AREAS COVERED: T cells. EXPERT OPINION: Cis-acting immunocytokines represent a promising class of advanced therapeutics that selectively direct cytokine payload to tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. This strategy has been shown to induce durable antitumor immunity and, in some cases, promote immune memory formation while limiting systemic toxicity. Ongoing clinical evaluation and rational combination approaches will ultimately define its therapeutic positioning in precision cancer immunotherapy.
Mazhara et al. (Mon,) studied this question.