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This study is based on the record of risks accepted at standard rates by the Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York for the years 1907 to 1919, inclusive. More than 95 per cent, of the readings were taken by our New York City examiners and our medical referees and their immediate assistants. In the earlier years, no readings were taken except by these examiners, but in the later years a few reports were made by our other examiners in the field. These reports amounted to less than 6 per cent in the year 1919. In the earlier years, most of the readings were obtained by palpation, but since 1915 nearly all of them have been taken by auscultation. The readings were taken while the applicant was seated, and the apparatus was at about the level of his heart. A wide cuff was employed, and in most cases the Tycos
Brandreth Symonds (Sat,) studied this question.