Features of the development of cardiovascular pathology in menopausal women

The significant social impact of increased morbidity and mortality in women due to hormonal dysfunction has led to the development of recommendations for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in this patient group (Evidence-based guidelines for cardiovascular disease prevention in women). Based on current literature, the mechanisms of development and clinical course of cardio-metabolic disorders occurring during the climacteric period have been summarized. Recent data indicate that the onset of menopause in women is accompanied by a complex of hormonal, metabolic, and structural-functional changes that contribute to the formation and rapid progression of cardiovascular pathology. The relationship between structural changes in the myocardium and its functional characteristics remains a topic of discussion, as does the influence of genetic factors, the imbalance of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and the immune system depending on the type of menopause, the presence and severity of postmenopausal hypertension, its duration, and several other factors. The deterioration in quality of life among patients with climacteric disorders leads to a range of not only medical but also socioeconomic problems. An important task is to create a specialized multidisciplinary approach to climacteric issues, which will enable individualized comprehensive treatment tailored to the pathogenic mechanisms of dishormonal cardiomyopathy.