Mineral resource development has triggered and generated a series of ecological problems in mining areas. Large-scale, high-intensity mineral extraction stands as the most active and dominant anthropogenic geological force affecting and altering the ecological environment of mining regions, acting as a "catalyst" that exacerbates ecological changes therein. Once changes in the mine geological environment exceed its carrying capacity, a host of acute ecological issues arise, including sudden geological disasters, degradation of water and soil environmental quality, loss of biodiversity and disruption of ecological balance, and blockage of water system connectivity—all of which threaten the safety of normal mine production and human settlement environments.Guided by General Secretary Xi Jinping’s vision that Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, China has made remarkable progress in mine environmental governance. Nationwide, 52 holistic ecological conservation and restoration projects for mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes, grasslands, and deserts and 49 demonstration projects for ecological restoration of historically abandoned mineshave been launched. A complete set of ecological restoration technologies has been developed, and in 2022, China’s Shan-Shui Initiative (the holistic conservation and restoration project) was selected as one of the UN’s first batch of 10 World Restoration Flagships.
R et al. (Sun,) studied this question.
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