What question did this study set out to answer?

This research aims to assess the rates of complications, emergency visits, and readmissions after hydrocelectomy in the U.S.

June 4, 2026Research and Reports in Urology0 citationsOpen Access

Hydrocelectomy Complication Rates in the United States

DHDennis HeadPenn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center JRJay RamanPenn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center RCRoderick ClarkPenn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center

Key Points

This research aims to assess the rates of complications, emergency visits, and readmissions after hydrocelectomy in the U.S.
Retrospective cohort study of 27,418 individuals who underwent hydrocelectomy from 2004 to 2024.
Data identified through TriNetX US Network using ICD-10 and CPT codes.
Statistical analysis performed with R software using t-tests.
Overall complication rate was 13% within 90 days post-surgery.
Emergency department visit rate of 6.7%, surgical complication rate of 5.6%, and readmission/reoperation rates both at 2.6%.
Major surgical complications included 25% bleeding, 13% infection, and 63% inflammatory or unspecified issues.

Abstract

Introduction and Objectives: Hydrocelectomy is the gold standard treatment for hydrocele. European data showed complication rates between 16% and 25%, however the rate within the United States has not been assessed. We examined the postoperative complication, emergency department visit, readmission and re-operation rates after hydrocelectomy in the United States. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of 27,418 individuals who underwent hydrocelectomy in the United States between 2004 and 2024 identified through the TriNetX US Network using ICD-10 and CPT codes. Patients were excluded for age < 18 years, testicular neoplasm, and orchiectomy. The primary outcome was rate of any surgical complication, emergency department (ED) visit, readmission, or reoperation within 90 days of hydrocelectomy. Statistical analysis was performed with R software and using t-tests. Results: The mean age of our cohort was 51 years. The complication group had higher proportions of older (p < 0.001), African American (p < 0.001), and patients with hypertension, diabetes, and coagulation defects (p < 0.001). The risk of complications was 13% within 90 days of surgery. The ED visit rate was 6.7%, surgical complication rate of 5.6%, readmission rate of 2.6%, and reoperation rate of 2.6%. Of surgical complications, 25% were bleeding, 13% were infection, and 63% were inflammatory or unspecified complications. The median ED visit was day 14 (IQR 6– 41) and the median reoperation was at day 21 (IQR 9– 38). Patients had a 9.2% rate of overall complications in the first month after surgery, after which the risk decreased. Conclusion: The rate of complications after hydrocelectomy in the United States is 13%, with 9% occurring in the first 30 days. There was a 2.8% risk of surgical intervention within 90 days. We recommend close follow-up in the first month to evaluate for developing complications, especially for patients with hypertension, diabetes, or coagulation defects. Keywords: hydrocele, surgical outcomes, postoperative complications, readmission, risk factors, TriNetX

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Cite This Study

Head et al. (Mon,) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a2117fdd499ed480b170d15 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2147/rru.s601188

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