Morphosemantic adaptation of Russianisms in the mirror of lexicographic sources on the Chuvash language

This article deals with the mechanisms of morphological and semantic adaptation of Russisms in the Chuvash lexicography and has the goal of determining morphological models of Russism integration and types of semantic transformations, as well as assessing the representation of borrowings in the dictionaries of the Chuvash language. The research methodology includes a corpus analysis of lexical entries from two significant lexicographical sources such as Etymological Dictionary of the Chuvash Language by M.R. Fedotov and the Russian-Chuvash Dictionary edited by I.A. Andreev and N.P. Petrov, morphosemantic analysis and usage analysis of Russisms and their native equivalents, often semantic calques and even descriptive phrases with application of the comparative typology of the adaptation pathways of Russisms in these lexicographical sources. The study allowed us to evaluate the degree of Russisms integration, particularly phonetically unadopted exorussisms, into the morphological system of the Chuvash language, to describe productive word-formation patterns (the addition of the Chuvash affixes, calquing, recomposition), to establish a correlation between the degree of integration and frequency and formal compatibility and to identify semantic shifts (narrowing, expansion, metaphorization) of exorusisms depending on the field of their use. The scientific novelty of the study is as follows: the comprehensive correlation of morphological mechanisms with frequency data and the proposal of standardized labels and descriptive templates for dictionaries, which will improve the accuracy and practical value of lexicographic sources and provide practical support for language policy and the preservation of lexical diversity in communities. The official designation of 2026 as the Year of Peoples' Unity (Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of December 25, 2026, No. 962) emphasizes the applied focus of the research results, aimed at preserving linguistic diversity and developing coordinated lexicographic and educational programs to support linguistic diversity.