Second Step

Childhood aggression predicts later high-risk behaviors. In this article, we describe Second Step, a primary prevention program designed to deter aggression and promote social competence of children from preschool through Grade 9. The curriculum is organized around three areas of social-emotional competency: empathy, social problem solving, and anger management. Theory and findings related to these core competencies are described, as are features of lessons, teacher training, and classroom instruction that promote learning and use of specific behavioral skills. Classroom, school, and family contexts that support student use and transfer of skills are also discussed. A review of formative and outcome evaluation studies of Second Step highlights challenges and recommendations related to program implementation.