Nature and national identity after communism: globalizing the ethnoscape

between membership size and institutional efªcacy, and reputation effects in world politics.The authors attempt to bridge the divide between scholars studying "domestic" issues and scholars studying "international" issues via their work as they examine both the international and domestic dimensions of ISO 14001's diffusion and efªcacy.While the international dimension of ISO 14001 is empirically well covered, the authors do not explicitly place green clubs within the context and processes of global environmental governance.The need for such a discussion is not only an issue of achieving the balance in the text but, as the two examples illustrate, insights from global environmental governance can contribute to theory development and increase its policy relevance.First, states are trusting voluntary industry efforts to help improve environmental quality, even delegating some authority to them and celebrating their partnerships (e.g.Chapter 30 of Agenda 21 and the 2002 Johannesburg Summit).This increasing global reliance on voluntary partnerships underscores the importance of the book's ªndings about the role of business-government relations, especially the role of government regulators in rewarding ªrms' participation in voluntary programs.Second, since the emerging economies are now the drivers of global growth, the theory needs to be more explicitly considered in their speciªc contexts.Understanding vertical linkages between the national and international levels of governance is crucial, because the attractiveness of voluntary standards in an emerging economy operates within wider political battles over environment-related trade barriers, common but differentiated responsibilities, and technology transfer.The application of the club theory to voluntary environmental programs offers a creative and timely perspective on the challenges and opportunities of voluntary regulation.The Voluntary Environmentalists is an important book that advances current thinking about the theory and practice of environmental governance.It will easily induce scholars to join in the further development of the presented theoretical framework and produce new insights into the effectiveness of institutions in providing public goods.