Relationship between Drug‐Induced Sleep Endoscopy Findings, Tonsil Size, and Polysomnographic Outcomes of Adenotonsillectomy in Children

Objective (1) Determine the correlation of awake tonsil scores and preadenotonsillectomy (pre‐AT) sleep endoscopy findings. (2) Assess the relationship between polysomnographic AT outcomes with awake tonsil scores and sleep endoscopy ratings of tonsil and adenoid obstruction. Study Design Retrospective case series with chart review. Setting Tertiary care children’s hospital. Subjects and Methods Children aged 1 to 18 years who underwent sleep endoscopy and AT from January 1, 2013, to August 30, 2016, were included. Pre‐AT sleep endoscopy findings were scored with the Sleep Endoscopy Rating Scale. Awake tonsil scores and sleep endoscopy ratings were compared with Spearman correlation. Associations between changes in pre‐ and post‐AT polysomnography parameters and (1) awake tonsil scoring and (2) sleep endoscopy scoring were assessed with 1‐way analysis of variance and linear regression. Results Participants included 36 children (mean ± SD age, 6.8 ± 4.3 years; 68% male, 44% obese). Awake tonsil scores and sleep endoscopy ratings were strongly correlated ( R = 0.58, P =. 003). Awake tonsil scores were not associated with changes in any polysomnography parameters after AT (all P >. 05), while sleep endoscopy ratings of adenotonsillar obstruction were significantly associated (all P <. 05, R 2 = 0.16‐0.35). Patients with minimal adenotonsillar obstruction during sleep endoscopy had less improvement than those with partial or complete obstruction (mean obstructive apnea‐hypopnea index change: −8.2 ± 11.5 vs −15.9 ± 14.3, and −46.8 ± 31.3, respectively; P <. 001). Conclusions In children at risk for AT failure, assessment of dynamic collapse with sleep endoscopy may better predict the outcome of AT than awake tonsil size assessment, thus helping to inform surgical expectations.