What question did this study set out to answer?

This paper aims to elucidate the dual-layer nature of light and its implications for universal theory through the concept of the Open-Close Structure of Ma.

June 29, 2026Open Access

Dual-Layer Light Invariance: The Open-Close Structure of Ma — Paper 1 of 3D Theory Series

Key Points

This paper aims to elucidate the dual-layer nature of light and its implications for universal theory through the concept of the Open-Close Structure of Ma.
Part of a theoretical series exploring duality and dimensionality in physics.
Introduces the V = N / D equation as a governing principle from quantum to cosmic scales.
Mathematical analysis of the phi2 perturbation related to wave-particle dynamics.
Establishes a connection between light behavior and the dual-layer structure of the universe.
Validates the Open-Close Structure of Ma as essential for understanding wave-particle duality.

Abstract

This paper is part of the TheYKHC Theoretical Series: 'From Duality to Field: A Three-Dimensional Evolution of Universal Theory' Paper 1 (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20956491): Dual-Layer Light Invariance (2D — The Discovery of Duality) Paper 2 (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20956493): Why Spacetime is (3+1)-Dimensional (2.5D — Polygon Transcendence) Paper 3 (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20956499): Ki-Net Field Evidence (3D — Universal Field Completion) Foundation (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20955834): Genki Particle Dance — Why the Quantum Foam Dances V = N / D governs reality from the quantum vacuum to the cosmic scale. Paper 1 — 2D: Discovery of Duality Light is simultaneously wave and particle. This is not a paradox — it is the signature of a dual-layer universe governed by V = N / D. The Open-Close Structure of Ma (間) is the fundamental mechanism behind wave-particle duality. Phi2 perturbation is its mathematical expression.

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Cite This Study

Yoshimitsu Katayama (Sat,) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a420b7af91bb43ea9192885 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20956541

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