Einstein’s mass-energy equation serves as one of the fundamental cornerstones of modern physics. With concise mathematical formulation and sufficient experimental verification, it establishes the equivalent interchange relationship between mass and energy. For a long time, it has underpinned nuclear physics, quantum physics, high-energy physics and other frontier disciplines, profoundly promoting the development and improvement of modern physical theories. Although the core conclusions and conversion framework of the mass-energy equation have been widely recognized in academia for a century, critical theoretical gaps remain. A complete microscopic dynamic evolution mechanism has not been constructed, the underlying process of bidirectional mass-energy conversion remains ambiguous, and systematic descriptions of routine microscopic mass-energy interaction are still insufficient. Following the fundamental postulates of the mass-energy equation, this paper conducts logical deduction layer by layer combined with objective physical phenomena, aiming to supplement the microscopic dynamic mechanism of bidirectional mass-energy transformation. Taking routine electron-electromagnetic wave interaction on Earth as the primary research object, this paper reconstructs the regular dynamic law of mass-energy interchange. Cross-verification of universal mass-energy conversion is performed via extreme physical processes including elementary particle annihilation and high-energy photon pair production. This studyimproves the microscopic theoretical support for the mass-energy equation, complements the missing dynamic physical logic in classical frameworks, and constructs a self-consistent and integrated mass-energy conversion theoretical system.
Pengfei Gu (Wed,) studied this question.