This study presents an integrated workflow to characterize and optimize hydraulic fracturing operations in horizontal shale reservoirs using passive wellhead pressure monitoring (PWPM). Pressure data from offset wells in the Horn River Shale Basin were analyzed to identify passive pressure responses and distinguish between direct hydraulic communication and stress-induced behavior, providing insight into fracture dynamics and inter-well connectivity. A multivariate sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate how key fracture and reservoir mechanical properties, fracture orientation, and in situ stresses govern passive pressure signatures. A fully coupled hydro-mechanical model, implemented using a distinct element formulation, was developed based on the observed passive pressure and microseismic data to generate a physics-based representation of fracture propagation and fluid migration. The modeling framework enables forward prediction of passive pressure responses during future stimulation stages, supporting improved treatment design, real-time operational adjustments, and more reliable refracturing strategies under evolving subsurface conditions. By enhancing fracture network characterization and complementing microseismic monitoring, PWPM demonstrates strong diagnostic value for supporting safer and more efficient injection practices in unconventional reservoir development, as well as broader sustainable energy applications.
Shokri et al. (Wed,) studied this question.