Dietary sodium intake had a U-shaped association with cognitive impairment in elderly hypertensive patients, with the highest quartile having lower odds than the lowest (OR 0.47; 95% CI 0.26-0.84).
Cross-Sectional (n=1,670)
Does dietary sodium and potassium intake affect the risk of cognitive impairment in elderly patients with hypertension?
Both excessively high and low dietary sodium intake are associated with cognitive impairment in elderly hypertensive patients, whereas dietary potassium intake shows no significant association.
Odds Ratio: 0.47 (95% CI 0.26–0.84)
p-value: p=0.0067 for non-linearity
Abstract This study aimed to assess the relationship between dietary sodium/potassium intake and cognition in elderly individuals with hypertension. We designed a cross‐sectional study based on the 2011–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014. A multivariable‐logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the relationship between sodium/potassium intake and cognitive impairment. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) based on regression analysis to assess the nonlinear dose‐response relationship between dietary sodium intake and cognitive performance. Out of the 2276 participants included in this study, 1670 patients had hypertension. Compared with the lowest quartile of dietary sodium intake, the lowest weighted odds ratio of cognitive impairment in DSST was observed in Q4 (OR = 0.45, 0.29–0.70), and a similar trend was observed in AFT (OR = 0.34, 0.18–0.65). After adjusting the covariates, the lowest weighted multivariable‐adjusted OR of cognitive impairment in DSST were also observed in Q4 (OR = 0.47, 0.26‐0.84) compared with the lowest quartile of dietary sodium intake. The RCS results showed that dietary sodium intake was U‐shaped and associated with the risk of cognitive impairment in the DSST ( P non–linearity = 0.0067). In addition, no significant association was observed between dietary potassium intake and different dimensions of cognitive performance. In conclusion, excessively high and low low dietary sodium were associated with impairment of specific processing speed, sustained attention, and working memory for elderly patients with hypertension in the United States. However, no association was observed between dietary potassium intake and cognition.
Kou et al. (2023) conducted a cross-sectional in hypertension (n=1,670). Dietary sodium intake vs. Lowest quartile of dietary sodium intake was evaluated on Cognitive impairment in DSST (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.26-0.84, p=0.0067 for non-linearity). Dietary sodium intake had a U-shaped association with cognitive impairment in elderly hypertensive patients, with the highest quartile having lower odds than the lowest (OR 0.47; 95% CI 0.26-0.84).
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