Oral Rehabilitation Following Surgical Treatment of Mandibular Ameloblastoma: Case Report and Comprehensive Literature Review

Objectives: Ameloblastoma is a locally aggressive odontogenic tumor of the jaws characterized by a high recurrence rate. This work aims to present our clinical experience in managing patient oral rehabilitation following an extensive mandibular ameloblastoma, with a specific focus on mandibular reconstruction using a fibula free flap, followed by dental implant placement and prosthetic rehabilitation in a female patient. Additionally, we provide a comprehensive review of the current evidence on surgical management, reconstruction techniques, and long-term outcomes in ameloblastoma treatment. Methods: A 44-year-old female patient presented with a painless swelling in the left mandible. Orthopantomography (OPG) and computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a well-defined radiolucent lesion extending from the canine to the second premolar. An incisional biopsy was performed, and histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of mandibular ameloblastoma. The patient underwent segmental resection of the left mandibular body, followed by immediate reconstruction using a vascularized fibular free flap. Eighteen months postoperatively, four dental implants were placed. One implant failed during the osseointegration phase and was removed. Due to residual hard and soft tissue deficiency, prosthetic rehabilitation was achieved with a metal-reinforced resin overdenture, restoring both function and aesthetics. Results: At the three-year follow-up, clinical and radiographic examinations revealed no evidence of tumor recurrence. The patient remained asymptomatic, reporting neither pain nor functional discomfort. Prosthetic rehabilitation with the metal-reinforced resin overdenture was successfully completed, achieving satisfactory masticatory function and aesthetics. Conclusions: The use of the fibula free flap for mandibular reconstruction after ameloblastoma resection provides excellent flexibility, enabling effective bone integration of dental implants.