Advances in lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis and catalytic upgrading for sustainable biofuel production: process design strategies and reaction rationales

Key Points

• Biomass pyrolysis produces renewable fuels while decreasing reliance on fossil resources, highlighting its potential.
• Conventional pyrolysis yields bio-oils high in oxygen, which negatively affects their properties and usability.
• Catalytic upgrading enhances the quality of bio-oils by removing oxygen, increasing their viability for sustainable use.
• Understanding reaction mechanisms in pyrolysis is essential for optimizing process designs for better biofuel outcomes.