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August 22, 2025Open Access

Early pubertal timing is a risk factor for adolescent dysmenorrhea

Key Points

Early pubertal timing increases the odds of dysmenorrhea by 22–31%, highlighting its importance as a risk factor.
A total of 3588 postmenarcheal females were assessed for dysmenorrhea severity.
Growth curves of various pubertal indicators were employed to estimate pubertal timing, excluding menarche.
Understanding these dynamics may facilitate earlier interventions to manage dysmenorrhea in adolescents.

Abstract

Females who experience menarche early have elevated risk for dysmenorrhea; yet, other puberty features precede menarche. Using data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study®, pubertal timing was estimated via random effects linear growth curves of pubertal status indicators excluding menarche for postmenarcheal females with no (n = 1083), mild (n = 1239), or severe (n = 266) dysmenorrhea. Early pubertal timing increased odds for dysmenorrhea by 22–31%, making it a novel marker for dysmenorrhea risk.

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