Analysis the Effect Rice Harvest Area, Proportion of Food Expenditure, and Farmer Exchange Rate on Food Security in Java Island

Food security in Java Island still faces challenges, mainly due to the problem of rice production that tends to fluctuate and the unstable socioeconomic conditions of farmers. This study aims to analyze the area of harvest, proportion of food expenditure, and farmer exchange rate (FER) on food security, as measured by the Food Security Index (FSI), in five provinces in Java from 2018 to 2024. This study utilizes secondary data and employs panel data regression analysis with a fixed effects model. The results of the analysis indicate that the rice harvest area has a negative and significant impact on food security, while the farmer's exchange rate has a positive and significant effect; however, the proportion of food expenditure has no significant impact on food security. The findings suggest that increasing agricultural productivity must be accompanied by sustainable management, as well as improving farmers' welfare, to strengthen national food security.