What type of study is this?

This is a Quantitative Analysis study (also classified as: Qualitative Analysis, Observational).

September 10, 2025

The demographic future of the European Union and the challenges for social policy and social security systems

Key Points

Demographic changes will challenge social security systems across the EU, and reform is needed.
Population ageing and declining fertility rates directly affect public policies and social security operations.
Quantitative data from Eurostat and the OECD combined with qualitative insights support the analysis.
Recommendations emphasize systemic reforms and social education to tackle future demographic challenges.

Abstract

Demographic changes within the European Union represent one of the key challenges of the 21st century. Population ageing, declining fertility rates and migration exert a direct impact on the functioning of social security systems and public policies across Member States. The author examines the major demographic trends in the EU and their social, economic and institutional implications, based on both – quantitative (including data from Eurostat and the OECD) and qualitative analysis (such as EU strategic documents and scholarly publications). Drawing on examples of initiatives undertaken by Member States, the study offers recommendations for systemic reforms and social education as essential tools to address future challenges.

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