Electric vehicles are now an environmentally friendly transport solution, but the risk of fire due to thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) poses significant safety challenges, especially in airport environments such as Soekarno-Hatta International Airport. This study aims to explore the role and readiness of Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting Officers (ARFF) in handling electric vehicle accidents, and identify the challenges faced. A qualitative method with a phenomenological approach was used, involving five informants selected by purposive sampling, and data collection techniques through literature review and in-depth interviews. The results revealed three main roles of ARFF Officers, namely reactive, proactive, and preventive, involving measures such as area sterilization, annual safety audits, and restrictions on the use of electric vehicles in closed areas. However, limited literature, knowledge, training, and specialised equipment are major obstacles in handling electric vehicle incidents. Thematic analysis shows that although reactive measures have been implemented, these procedures still refer to conventional vehicle handling methods. Proactive and preventive measures, such as the procurement of specialised fire extinguishers and risk management through structural mitigation, proved crucial in minimising the impact of incidents. The study also found that conventional equipment was less effective for dealing with electric vehicle fires on lithium-ion batteries, while the use of extinguishing agents such as compressed air foam and water mist provided more efficient results. The research highlights the need for specialized training, development of electric vehicle-based Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) and investment in appropriate equipment to improve the response capacity of ARFF officers to the risk of electric vehicle fires in the airport environment. In conclusion, the preparedness of ARFF officers to deal with electric vehicle incidents still requires comprehensive improvement, both in technical and strategic aspects, to optimize public and operational safety in the future.
Supri et al. (Sat,) studied this question.