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This paper aimed to identify the sources, types, challenges, and impacts of plastic pollution in Freetown, providing a comprehensive situational analysis. The study employed a qualitative and integrative literature review, contextualizing data from various sources, including government reports and international organizations. Databases such as Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science were utilized to compile and analyze relevant information. Findings showed that 80% of Freetown's 40,600 tons/year of plastic waste is dumped in the streets. Sachet bags are the dominant, accounting for 70-80% of plastic waste, mainly from households. The study reveals that plastic pollution in Freetown is a critical environmental issue exacerbated by inadequate waste management infrastructure, rapid urbanization, and socio-economic challenges. Key impacts include threats to public health, disruption of marine and terrestrial ecosystems, and significant economic costs, particularly in the tourism and fishing industries. The study underscores the urgent need for policy interventions, such as banning single-use plastics, enhancing waste management systems, and promoting community engagement in recycling efforts. The broader implications of this research suggest that addressing plastic pollution in Freetown could significantly contribute to global sustainable development goals (SDGs), particularly those related to poverty alleviation, health, and environmental sustainability. Finally, the findings offer valuable insights for policymakers, urging them to implement comprehensive waste management strategies and to engage local communities in efforts to mitigate plastic pollution, thereby fostering a more sustainable urban environment.
Kamara et al. (Tue,) studied this question.