Self-similar Markov trees and scaling limits

Self-similar Markov trees constitute a remarkable family of random compact real trees carrying a decoration function that is positive on the skeleton. As the terminology suggests, they are self-similar objects that further satisfy a Markov branching property. They are built from the combination of the recursive construction of real trees by gluing line segments with the seminal observation of Lamperti, which relates positive self-similar Markov processes and L\'evy processes via a time change. They carry natural length and harmonic measures, which can be used to perform explicit spinal decompositions. Self-similar Markov trees encompass a large variety of random real trees that have been studied over the last decades, such as the Brownian CRT, stable L\'evy trees, fragmentation trees, and growth-fragmentation trees. We establish general invariance principles for multi-type Galton--Watson trees with integer types and illustrate them with many combinatorial classes of random trees that have been studied in the literature, including (possibly dissipative) discrete fragmentation trees, peeling trees of Boltzmann (possibly O (n) -decorated) planar maps, or even the more recent fully parked trees.