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Prior studies ignored the dimensions of green innovations, green energies, and resource utilization on ecological load capacity factors (LCF). Besides, environmental modellers, particularly in Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS), failed to consider the perspective of LCF. Remarkably, LCF explains the peculiarities of the natural environment's demand and supply sides. Panel series of the relevant predictors of LCF during 1980–2021 were analysed for empirical inferences. The method of moments quantile regression (mmqr), fully generalized least squares, the Prais-Winsten panel regression, augmented mean group, and cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lags undergirded the empirical analysis. Applying the panel-frequency domain Granger causality test enriches the novel perspective of the study. Cointegration was established based on the Westerlund and Banerjee & Carrion-i-Silvestre procedures. Notably, green technologies produced unimpressive positive effects on LCF, whereas green transition produced significant appealing effects on LCF at location and across the quantile distributions. This further highlights the poor status of green technologies within the BRICS. Among the control variables, urbanization contributed more significantly to lowering LCF than resource utilization and economic expansions. The findings underscored the essence of green innovations and green transitions to improved LCF in BRICS.
Uche et al. (Tue,) studied this question.