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The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) regional integration has significantly influenced the cross-border movement of labor, particularly affecting the Philippines. This paper investigates the impact of ASEAN regional integration on the cross-border movement of local labor in the Philippines, examining the trends, drivers, and socio-economic impacts of labor mobility. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the study combines quantitative data from government reports and international organizations with qualitative insights from interviews and focus group discussions. The findings reveal that ASEAN integration has facilitated increased labor mobility, resulting in substantial benefits such as remittances and skill development. However, challenges such as brain drain and labor rights issues persist. Government initiatives, including bilateral agreements and regulatory frameworks, have been implemented to address these challenges, but enforcement and data collection remain areas needing improvement. This research provides policy recommendations to enhance the benefits of labor mobility and mitigate its negative impacts, emphasizing the importance of skill development and robust enforcement mechanisms.
Soriano et al. (Sat,) studied this question.