Anatomical and biomechanical features of the interdental contact surfaces of the permanent teeth

Abstract: With the help of a digital microscope, the anatomical and morphological characteristics of the proximal contact areas of permanent teeth (in vitro), the topography of interdental contacts on study models were studied. Elaborated classifications on the subject of the study, computer scheme to study the interdental contact points by the static biomechanical method. Actuality: The problem of the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of caries of high-quality proximal surfaces is one of the most important in the world. The defeat of this area is diagnosed in 73.8% of all carious defects (Лидман Г.Ю. и соавт., 2009). In Russia, proximal caries of posterior teeth reach 40% (Арнаутов Б. П., 2016). In the specialized literature, the morphology and biomechanics of proximal interdental contacts are sufficiently elucidated.Objective of the study: To study the microscopic characteristics of the morphology, topography and biomechanics of the interdental contact points of permanent teeth. Material and methods: 120 teeth extracted for medical reasons were prepared according to the generally accepted technique without making thin sections and studied. The microarchitectonics of the occlusal and proximal interdental contact areas was studied using a portable digital microscope “Levenhuk DTX 500 Mobi” (Levenhuk, USA). Interdental contact topography was studied on study models and on student volunteers aged 22 to 26 years. The microrelief of the proximal contact areas in all teeth has common features. They often consist of several, on average 2-3, different zones and configurations, thus resembling articular surfaces. The maxillary front teeth are characterized by the presence of two longitudinal areas separated by a thin enamel ridge. The biomechanical features of the interdental contacts of the lateral teeth were studied with the help of the “parallelogram of force” computerized scheme. Conclusions: 1. New data were obtained on the morphology of interdental contact points for all groups of teeth, their topography, microarchitectonics of contact areas and biomechanics characteristics). 2. Two classifications on the topic were elaborated (Acts of implementation USMF „Nicolae Testemițanu” of 05.12.2016 and 10.02.2019 at the Department of anatomy and clinical anatomy), which can help during the diagnosis, treatment planning, and the expert assessment of the quality of direct or indirect restoration. 3. Proximal interdental contacts are anatomical structures with complex architecture and biomechanics. Their shape and area depend on the anatomy and function of the teeth.