Types of Chinese loanwords and their ways of translation into Russian

Foreign loanwords are one of the sources of replenishment of the vocabulary of any language. Words of foreign languages make up a significant proportion of Chinese neologisms. The purpose of this study is to classify borrowings in modern Chinese and briefly discuss the methods of their translation into Russian. The object of this article is loanwords in Chinese neologisms based on dictionary materials, and the subject of this work is the types of Chinese loanwords. The material selected for this article is based on the dictionary of "Chinese-Russian dictionary of new words and expressions". This article briefly analyzes the classification of Chinese loanwords, split into three categories: phonetic, semantic and phonetic-semantic loanwords. Then summarizes their main methods of translation using examples. The following methods were used in the work: random selection, descriptive, contextual and transformational analysis. The component analysis method was used to analyze individual words in the text. In conclusion, the types of loanwords from the dictionary since the XXI century are analyzed and the results obtained are summarized. It is shown that when translating Chinese borrowings into Russian, transcription, transliteration, lexico-semantic substitutions, and explication of these four translation methods can be mainly used. The scientific novelty of this article lies in the fact that, based on the analysis of specific examples, it systematizes three types of Chinese loanwords and discusses letter loanwords unique to the Chinese language, which enriches the current results of the study of Chinese loanwords. On the other hand, with the development of time and the constant appearance of new words, the need to translate new Chinese vocabulary into other languages has become acute. This article attempts to provide some reference value to the Russian translation of Chinese loanwords.