Risk Factors, Clinical Presentation and Treatment Modalities of Ectopic Pregnancy: A Cross Sectional Study at Tertiary Care Hospital

Background: Ectopic pregnancy is a pregnancy anywhere other than uterine cavity. Approximately 1-2% pregnancies are ectopic associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Fallopian tube is the commonest site. Present study deals with the analysis of risk factors, clinical presentation and treatment modalities of ectopic pregnancy. Material and Method: A cross sectional study was carried out on 100 cases which were diagnosed and treated at Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, J K Lon Hospital, Government Medical College, Kota (Raj.), India. Parameters studied were age, parity, gestation period (weeks), risk factors, clinical presentation, medical management and surgical intervention. Results: Present study included 100 cases in which 72% belonged to age group of 19-30 years. Maximum cases were recorded between parity 0 and 2. Previous abortion (33%) was the most common risk factor. Most of the patients had ruptured (54%) ectopic pregnancy outcome. Tenderness was a common clinical feature on abdominal examination. Medical management was done for 11 patients of which 9 cases were successfully treated (81.8%). In 64% cases, emergency laparotomy with unilateral salpingectomy was applied as surgical intervention. Conclusion: Diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy is a challenging task by its bizarre clinical picture as it is clinically ranging from asymptomatic case to acute abdomen to hemodynamic shock. It is imperative to take close examination with use of advance diagnostic tools and management. Most of the patients of ectopic pregnancy presented ruptured outcome and period of amenorrhea was significantly associated with it. Early diagnosis and advance management would reduce the morbidity and mortality in ectopic pregnancy.