Enhancing Self-directed Learning Skills through Flipped Learning and Cooperative Learning: A Case Study in English Education

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of integrating flipped learning and cooperative learning into self-directed learning on students" English proficiency and course satisfaction. To achieve this, two mock TOEIC tests were conducted with first-year students who took Practical English II in the second semester of 2023, confirming that the self-directed learning approach combining flipped learning and cooperative learning contributed to the enhancement of students' reading comprehension(RC) abilities. Additionally, an end-of-semester survey was conducted to assess students" course satisfaction, revealing that students were generally satisfied with this approach, particularly noting improvements in learning strategies and support from professors. These findings were further corroborated through in-depth interviews with a random election of students. However, issues such as differences in student proficiency levels and organizational problems emerged, indicating the need for efforts to address them.