Study on Temple Waste Management and its Potential for Reducing Carbon Emission

Objective: This study aims to investigate waste management practices at temple sites in Bali, Indonesia, with the overarching goal of reducing carbon emissions and promoting environmental sustainability amidst increasing waste generation and frequent ceremonial events. Theoretical Framework: The study relies on key theoretical concepts from environmental science, waste management, tourism studies, and sustainability. These include population dynamics and waste generation, principles of sustainable waste management, and the intersection of cultural tourism with environmental conservation. Method: This study employs a comprehensive methodology that involves the analysis of waste composition and generation using the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 19-3964-1994. Additionally, we collected data through interviews and expenditure assessments to evaluate existing waste management practices and understand visitor behaviours. Results and Discussion: Analysis revealed significant quantities of waste generated at temple sites, with Watu Klotok Temple emerging as the largest contributor, producing 449.87 kg of waste. Other significant contributors included Tanah Kilap Tampel, Saraswati Temple, Mutering Jagat Sidakarya Temple, Jagatnatha Temple, and Pucak Mangu Temple. Predominantly, organic waste accounted for 84.33% of total waste, while plastic and food waste constituted 4.08% and 11.59%, respectively. We observed a strong positive correlation between visitor numbers and waste generation, underscoring the urgent need for sustainable waste management practices to mitigate environmental impact and reduce carbon emissions. Research Implications: The results of this study have both practical and theoretical implications for waste management strategies and environmental conservation efforts in Bali's cultural landscape. This research's recommendations, such as promoting locally sourced fruits and implementing waste segregation programmes, have broader implications for waste management policies and practices in similar contexts. Originality/Value: This research contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence on waste management practices at temple sites in Bali and quantifying the potential for carbon emissions reduction. This study's interdisciplinary approach highlights its relevance and value in tackling environmental issues in culturally significant regions and advancing sustainable development practices.