Far left and far right party reactions to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine

Several studies have underscored the recent emergence of 'Russia-sympathizing' parties, particularly within the European far left and far right party families. This study aims to shed further light on the conceptions of Russia within these families by examining party positions regarding Russia's 2022 invasion of Ukraine. Utilising content analysis of party standpoints, and employing both cross-sectional quantitative and case-based qualitative analytical techniques, the research underscores the importance of ideology in shaping extreme and radical parties' attitudes towards Russia. Specifically, the findings suggest a connection between populism and Russia sympathy, with far left and far right parties more inclined to express sympathy with Russia also exhibiting higher levels of populism. Euroscepticism emerges as another factor influencing Russia sympathy, however only among far right parties. Taken together, the study offers valuable insights into the complex landscape of party politics, foreign policy and contemporary Russia.