Abstract PO4-23-08: Estrogen therapy induces receptor-dependent DNA damage enhanced by PARP inhibition in ER+ breast cancer

Abstract Although clinical evidence indicates that treatment with estrogens elicits anti-cancer effects in ~30% of patients with advanced endocrine-resistant ER+ breast cancer, the underlying mechanism of action is unclear and this treatment remains under-utilized. ER+ breast cancer cells with acquired resistance to long-term estrogen deprivation (LTED) were used to model resistance to aromatase inhibitors (AIs) seen clinically. Genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screening and transcriptomic profiling of LTED cells highlighted DNA Damage Response as a required pathway for therapeutic response to the estrogen 17b-estradiol. Tumor specimens from 2 patients with advanced ER+ breast cancer showed increased DNA damage response upon treatment with 17b-estradiol therapy compared to baseline. LTED cells treated with 17b-estradiol exhibited replication-dependent markers of DNA damage and the DNA damage response prior to apoptosis, while parental cells did not. Such DNA damage was partially driven by the formation of DNA:RNA hybrids (R-loops), and RNase H1-mediated prevention of R-loop formation abrogated 17b-estradiol-induced DNA damage. Pharmacological suppression of the DNA damage response via poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition with olaparib enhanced 17b-estradiol-induced DNA damage. PARP inhibition synergized with 17b-estradiol to suppress growth and prevent tumor recurrence in both BRCA1/2-mutant and BRCA1/2-wild-type cell line and patient-derived xenograft models. We therefore conclude that 17b-estradiol-induced ER activity drives DNA damage and growth inhibition in endocrine-resistant breast cancer cells, and inhibition of the DNA damage response using drugs such as PARP inhibitors can exacerbate transcriptional stress and enhance therapeutic response to 17b-estradiol. This concept is being explored clinically in the PHOEBE trial testing the combination of 17b-estradiol and olaparib (NCT05900895). These findings also warrant further study of other DNA damage response inhibitors in advanced ER+ breast cancer. Moreover, these data indicate that PARP inhibitors may have applications beyond homologous recombination-deficient tumors. Citation Format: Nicole Traphagen, Gary Schwartz, Steven Tau, Alyssa Roberts, Amanda Jiang, Sarah Hosford, Jonathan Marotti, Abigail Goen, Bianca Romo, Anneka Johnson, Emily Duffy, Eugene Demidenko, Paul Heverly, Yaron Mosesson, Shannon Soucy, Fred Kolling, Todd Miller. Estrogen therapy induces receptor-dependent DNA damage enhanced by PARP inhibition in ER+ breast cancer abstract. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO4-23-08.