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Since the time of Pythagoras tonal music has been explained in terms of the ratios between the lengths of two or more vibrating objects. The evidence summarized here, however, implies that tonal music is better understood in terms of the integer fractions that comprise a harmonic series. In contrast to the Pythagorean scheme, this framework rationalizes musical octaves, accounts for the variable number of tone combinations in musical scales, and offers a way to precisely tune instruments and voices.
Dale Purves (Sun,) studied this question.